Tiled maps | Manual | Castle Game Engine

Tiled maps

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Basic usage
3. Example
4. Tiled features supported
5. Usage

1. Introduction

We feature an extensive support for maps designed in Tiled map editor.

2. Basic usage

Design your map in Tiled, and save the resulting map (.tmx) along with images (tilesets) somewhere in the project data subdirectory.
Add to your viewport a TCastleTiledMap component and set TCastleTiledMap.URL to indicate your map (.tmx) file.

3. Example

Simple demo, along with many sample maps, is in examples/tiled/map_viewer.
Complete game, a simple turn-based strategy, is in examples/tiled/strategy_game_demo.

4. Tiled features supported

Any number of layers, any map sizes, multiple tilesets.
All map types: Orthogonal, Isometric, IsometricStaggered, Hexagonal.
Flipping of tiles (diagonal, horizontal, vertical).
Optimized rendering with static batching of map layers.
Animations (all tile animations play automatically, you can also explicitly start and stop them).

5. Usage

5.1. Using map inside a viewport

The TCastleTiledMap is a TCastleTransform instance, and as such you can move, rotate and scale it.

You can also place other things in the viewport (like TCastleScene, TCastleImageTransform) in front or behind the map. Use the Z coordinate to control what is in front/behind. If you want to place something on top of a specifc map tile, the TCastleTiledMap.TileRectangle method is useful.

Inside the viewport you have a regular camera. You can move the camera, you can change the camera orthographic height (TCastleOrthographic.Height) to zoom in/out. Add the TCastle2DNavigation component as a child of your viewport to allow user to move/zoom on the map too.

5.2. Important properties and methods

To load the map, set TCastleTiledMap.URL.

You can control texture filtering by TCastleTiledMap.SmoothScaling.

false (default) results in a pixel-art look.
true means to use smooth (bilinear) filtering for the tile images.

If you see weird seams between tiles when using TCastleTiledMap.SmoothScaling = true, this is likely a lack of spacing and alpha bleeding between tiles. You have to process your tileset image by adding some spacing between tiles and perform alpha bleeding in your image-editing software (you can use our castle-view-image). Alternatively, you can activate TCastleTiledMap.SmoothScalingSafeBorder or TCastleTiledMap.ForceTilesetSpacing to workaround it.

To show/hide specific layers use TCastleTiledMap.Layers.

Click on the button with 3 dots … at the Layers property in CGE editor to invoke a nice dialog where you can select layers by names.
TCastleTiledMap.Layers property can also be used to split map into 2 pieces, e.g. front and back, and place them at distinct Z values. Simply use 2 instances of TCastleTiledMap with the same URL (same map loaded) but showing disjoint layers.

The TCastleTiledMap.Data exposes map data (read-only) to query various information about the map, e.g. what tile type has been put at some map position.

TCastleTiledMap.PlayAnimations, TCastleTiledMap.StopAnimations control animations. By default, Tiled animations automatically play when the map is loaded.

5.3. Determine tile indicated by mouse

It’s a common task to determine what map tile is under the mouse (or, more generally, any coordinate on the screen).

5.3.1. Simple case (2D camera, no map transformation)

To determine the map tile under mouse coordinates, use TCastleTiledMapData.PositionToTile.

In the simplest and typical case, when the camera is standard for 2D (looks along -Z) and the map is not transformed, you can just use MyViewport.PositionToRay(…, RayOrigin, RayDirection). Then

Ignore the returned RayDirection, knowing it is -Z ((0,0,-1)) in typical 2D games.
Knowing that map is not transformed, just use RayOrigin.XY and convert it into the map position.

In summary, do it like this:

var
  RayOrigin, RayDirection: TVector3;
  TileUnderMouseValid: Boolean;
  TileUnderMouse: TVector2Integer;
begin
  MyViewport.PositionToRay(Container.MousePosition, true, RayOrigin, RayDirection);
  TileUnderMouseValid := Map.Data.PositionToTile(RayOrigin.XY, TileUnderMouse);
  // ... now use TileUnderMouseValid and TileUnderMouse as you see fit
end;

5.3.2. General case (any camera, any map transformation)

An alternative solution is to perform a proper collision check "what does the ray (implied by the mouse position) hit". This is a more general solution that works in all cases (even if you transform the map, direcly or by parent transform, or change camera to non-2D view).

To learn what the ray hits, read MyViewport.MouseRayHit.

The MouseRayHit value is a list, from the innermost TCastleTransform that was hit by the ray to the root of the viewport (MyViewport.Items). You want to just access the point on your map that was picked (if any). Assuming your map is declared as Map: TCastleTiledMap; and you have a MyViewport: TCastleViewport; somewhere, you can do it like this:

var
  TileUnderMouseValid: Boolean;
  TileUnderMouse: TVector2Integer;
  MapIndex: Integer;
begin
  TileUnderMouseValid := false;
  if MyViewport.MouseRayHit <> nil then
  begin
    MapIndex := MyViewport.MouseRayHit.IndexOfItem(Map);
    if MapIndex <> -1 then
    begin
      TileUnderMouseValid := Map.Data.PositionToTile(
        MyViewport.MouseRayHit[MapIndex].Point.XY, TileUnderMouse);
    end;
  end;
  // ... now use TileUnderMouseValid and TileUnderMouse as you see fit
end;

Note

If you want even more general solution, know that MyViewport.MouseRayHit is more-or-less equivalent to:

Determine the ray indicated by mouse using MyViewport.PositionToRay
Use this ray to perform collision query using MyViewport.Items.WorldRay

So if you want, you can e.g. query any other ray this way. MyViewport.Items.WorldRay returns TRayCollision (remember to free it later!), just like MyViewport.MouseRayHit discussed around.

If you want to dig deeper and understand what are possible values of MyViewport.MouseRayHit, read on.

First of all, you can inspect it like this. Try this code e.g. in Update or Motion method of your state, move mouse around and observe the results:

var
  I: Integer;
begin
  if MyViewport.MouseRayHit <> nil then
    for I := 0 to MyViewport.MouseRayHit.Count - 1 do
      WritelnLog('Mouse ray hit ' + IntToStr(I) + ': ' +
        MyViewport.MouseRayHit[I].Item.Name + ' ' +
        MyViewport.MouseRayHit[I].Item.ClassName + ' ' +
        MyViewport.MouseRayHit[I].Point.ToString);
end;

The MyViewport.MouseRayHit contains a path of TCastleTransform hierarchy, from the deepest TCastleTransform to root (MyViewport.Items).

When the mouse is over the map, it will contain this:

The first (deepest) TCastleTransform on MyViewport.MouseRayHit list will be a TCastleScene that is internal in TCastleTileMap.
Next item will be TCastleTileMap.
Then, all TCastleTransform instances that are parents of TCastleTileMap will follow.
Last item on the list is root (MyViewport.Items).

If you placed other things in the viewport, you will observe other possible values of MyViewport.MouseRayHit. For example examples/tiled/strategy_game_demo has a special TileUnderMouseImage (TCastleImageTransform) placed as map child. When the mouse is over this image, the MyViewport.MouseRayHit will contain this:

First item (deepest) is a TCastleScene that is internal in TileUnderMouseImage.
Next item is TileUnderMouseImage.
Next item is TCastleTileMap.
Next (last) item is the root (ViewportMap.Items in case of that example).

It is also possible that mouse is over a unit on the map.

You likely don’t want to think about all these cases, and you definitely do not want to think whether there are some internal TCastleScene instances on the way. So simply check whether MouseRayHit contains your Map like MyViewport.MouseRayHit.IndexOfItem(Map).